náhuatl

Family Yuto-nahua

Speakers aged 3 and over

1,651,958

2020 Census, INEGI

Risk grade

Very high

INALI 2012, on 2000 census figures. The highest-risk variant is shown.

Variants by grade

Very high 7
High 4
Medium 4
No immediate risk 15

Status in Glottolog

Nearly extinct

glottolog 5.3 (doi:10.5281/zenodo.18840967)

most endangered of 28 members with AES (28 in group): not endangered=11;threatened=10;shifting=5;moribund=1;nearly extinct=1

Digital resources

One indicator per source, measured in the snapshot of Oct 5, 2026. They are never blended into a single score.

This means the technical building blocks for language tools — translators, speech recognition, spell-checkers — not cultural content like books or music. What we count and where it comes from

Datasets

Hugging Face

datasets focused on the language

125 with any tag for the language, multilingual repositories included

Source: huggingface
Recorded detail: repos tagged for <=3 of the 68 groups

Models

Hugging Face

models focused on the language

226 with any tag for the language, multilingual repositories included

Source: huggingface
Recorded detail: repos tagged for <=3 of the 68 groups

Speech corpus

Common Voice

varieties with a speech corpus

Source: common-voice scripted 27.0 (2026-09-11), spontaneous 5.0 (2026-09-11)
Recorded detail: 3 of 29 codes covered: ncx scripted 27.0: 10.7h validated; nhi scripted 27.0: 0.05h validated; nlv scripted 27.0: 11.61h validated

Treebanks

Universal Dependencies

released treebanks

Source: universal-dependencies 2.18 (2026-05-15)
Recorded detail: in release 2.18: UD_Highland_Puebla_Nahuatl-ITML (azz), UD_Western_Sierra_Puebla_Nahuatl-MesoTree (nhi)

Speech recognition

Omnilingual ASR

varieties supported

Source: omnilingual-asr lang_ids.py @ a7fb36017a (2025-11-10)
Recorded detail: 18 of 29 codes supported: azz_Latn, nch_Latn, ncj_Latn, ncl_Latn, ncx_Latn, ngu_Latn, nhe_Latn, nhg_Latn, nhi_Latn, nhn_Latn, nhq_Latn, nhw_Latn, nhx_Latn, nhy_Latn, nlv_Latn, npl_Latn, nsu_Latn, nuz_Latn

Identity

Glottocode: azte1234
ISO 639-3: azd, azn, azz, naz, nch, ncj, ncl, ncx, ngu, nhc, nhe, nhg, nhi, nhk, nhm, nhn, nhp, nhq, nht, nhv, nhw, nhx, nhy, nhz, nlv, npl, nsu, nuz
Match to Glottolog: Several Glottolog languages in one group

Glottolog languages in this group

ngu Central Guerrero Nahuatl guer1241
nch Central Huasteca Nahuatl cent2134
ncx Central Puebla Nahuatl cent2133
naz Coatepec Nahuatl coat1240
azd Eastern Durango Nahuatl east2695
nhe Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl east2538
azz Highland Puebla Nahuatl high1278
nhq Huaxcaleca Nahuatl huax1236
nhk Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl isth1240
nhx Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl isth1242
nhp Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl isth1241
ncl Michoacán Nahuatl mich1245
nhm Morelos Nahuatl more1259
nhy Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl nort2958
ncj Northern Puebla Nahuatl nort2957
nht Ometepec Nahuatl omet1237
nlv Orizaba Nahuatl oriz1235
nhz Santa María La Alta Nahuatl sant1423
nsu Sierra Negra Nahuatl sier1248
npl Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl sout2973
nhc Tabasco Nahuatl taba1265
nhv Temascaltepec Nahuatl tema1239
nhg Tetelcingo Nahuatl tete1251
nuz Tlamacazapa Nahuatl tlam1239
nhn Tlaxcala-Puebla-Central Nahuatl cent2132
azn Western Durango Nahuatl west2778
nhw Western Huasteca Nahuatl west2624
nhi Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl zaca1241

Variants 30

From INALI's Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales (2008), with each variant's risk grade (INALI, 2012).

Variant	Autonym	Risk
mexicano alto de occidente	mexicano (alto de occidente)	Very high
mexicano bajo de occidente	mexicano (bajo de occidente)	Very high
mexicano central bajo	mexicano (central bajo)	Medium
mexicano central de occidente	mexicano (central de occidente)	No immediate risk
mexicano de Guerrero	mexicano (de Guerrero)	No immediate risk
mexicano de la Huasteca hidalguense	mexicano (de la Huasteca Hidalguense)	No immediate risk
mexicano de occidente	mexicano (de occidente)	Very high
mexicano de Puente de Ixtla	mexicano (de Puente de Ixtla)	Very high
mexicano de Temixco	mexicano (de Temixco)	Medium
mexicano de Tetela del Volcán	mexicano (de Tetela del Volcán)	High
mexicano del centro	mexicano (del centro)	Very high
mexicano del centro alto	mexicano (del centro alto)	Very high
mexicano del centro bajo	mexicano (del centro bajo)	High
mexicano del noroeste	mexicano (del noroeste)	Medium
mexicano del oriente	mexicano (del oriente)	Very high
mexicano del oriente central	mexicano (del oriente central)	No immediate risk
mexicano del oriente de Puebla	mexicano (del oriente de Puebla)	High
náhuatl alto del norte de Puebla	maseual tajtol · nahuat	High
náhuatl central de Veracruz	mexicano (central de Veracruz) · náhuatl (central de Veracruz)	No immediate risk
náhuatl de la Huasteca potosina	mexicano (de la Huasteca potosina) · mexicatl (de la Huasteca potosina) · náhuatl (de la Huasteca potosina)	No immediate risk
náhuatl de la Huasteca veracruzana	mexcatl · mexicano (de la Huasteca veracruzana) · náhuatl (de la Huasteca veracruzana)	No immediate risk
náhuatl de la Sierra negra, norte	mexicano (de la Sierra negra, norte) · mexicatl (de la Sierra negra, norte) · náhuatl (de la Sierra negra, norte)	No immediate risk
náhuatl de la Sierra negra, sur	mexicano (de la Sierra negra, sur) · náhuatl (de la Sierra negra, sur)	Medium
náhuatl de la Sierra, noreste de Puebla	mexicano tlajtol · nauta	No immediate risk
náhuatl de la Sierra oeste de Puebla	masehual tla’tol	No immediate risk
náhuatl de Oaxaca	mexicano (de Oaxaca)	No immediate risk
náhuatl del centro de Puebla	mexicano (del centro de Puebla)	No immediate risk
náhuatl del Istmo	náhuatl (del Istmo)	No immediate risk
náhuatl del Istmo bajo	mexicano (del Istmo bajo) · náhuatl (del Istmo bajo)	No immediate risk
náhuatl del noreste central	maseual tla’tol · mexicano (del noroeste central) · mexi’catl	No immediate risk